Extra exam question E2E01
Subelement E2, OPERATING PROCEDURES· Group E2E
Which of the following types of modulation is used for data emissions below 30 MHz?
- A.DTMF tones modulating an FM signal
- B.FSK (correct answer)
- C.Pulse modulation
- D.Spread spectrum
WhyData emissions below 30 MHz commonly use frequency shift keying (FSK) as their modulation. Data emissions below 30 MHz commonly use frequency shift keying (FSK), where the transmitter shifts between two discrete frequencies to represent binary data, the basis for modes like RTTY and many other HF digital modes, answer B. DTMF-modulated FM, pulse modulation, and spread spectrum aren't the modulation types typically used for HF data emissions.
Published 2026-08-28 · Last updated 2026-08-28 · Question text is verbatim from the 2024-2028 NCVEC Element 4 pool (public domain); the explanation above is original writing, see our methodology.
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